What it is
Pigmentation means areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin, caused by extra melanin.
Common types include melasma (symmetrical patches on the cheeks and forehead), sun spots, marks after acne or injury, and darkening from friction.
Common factors
- Sun and heat exposure
- Hormonal changes, including pregnancy and some contraceptives
- Inflammation from acne, eczema or injury
- Some cosmetics, perfumes and unprescribed creams
- Genetics and skin type
When to see a dermatologist
- A patch is spreading, changing or not responding to sunscreen
- You’ve used “fairness” or steroid-containing creams without a prescription
- A dark spot changes in size, shape or colour, or bleeds. Get these checked promptly
At your consultation
- 1The doctor examines the pattern of pigmentation and asks about sun exposure, hormones, products and medicines.
- 2The likely type of pigmentation is explained, along with what tends to trigger it.
- 3A step-by-step plan is agreed, almost always starting with sun protection and skincare.
Options that may be considered
Which, if any, is right for you is decided by the doctor after examining you.
- Daily sun protection and skincare guidanceVerify: Listed on directory profiles; confirm availability at the clinic.
- Prescription topical treatmentVerify: Listed on directory profiles; confirm availability at the clinic.
- Chemical peelsVerify: Listed on directory profiles; confirm availability at the clinic.
- Laser or light-based treatment, for selected pigment typesVerify: Listed on directory profiles; confirm availability at the clinic.
Realistic expectations
- Pigmentation improves slowly, usually over months, and can return with sun exposure.
- Some types, such as melasma, are managed over the long term rather than cured.
- Using unprescribed lightening creams can make pigmentation worse.
Questions
Is pigmentation permanent?
Many types can be improved, though some, such as melasma, tend to recur and need ongoing care. The doctor will explain what to expect for your type.